TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine often involved in the research of immune diseases. It participates in a variety of cell signaling pathways and can be used as a biomarker for immune-related diseases. Creative BioMart Biomarker provides customers with TNFα ELISA and ECL testing outsourcing services. The rich experience in biomarker testing services enables us to provide customers with efficient, fast, and sensitive testing services, effectively helping customers advance research progress. Our testing services are not suitable for private medical diagnosis and testing.
TNFα
The TNFα gene consists of four exons and three introns. The gene is located on human chromosome 6, and its expression is regulated by many factors. TNFα mRNA is expressed in a variety of cells including macrophages and monocytes, among which monocyte cell lines such as astroglia, microglia, macrophages, Kupffer cells, Langerhans cells, and alveolar macrophages are mainly involved in the synthesis of TNFα cell. TNFα is first expressed as a 27kDa protein (mTNFα), which has a highly conserved amino acid presequence that can anchor the precursor protein to the membrane, and is then proteolytically cleaved into a 17kDa soluble TNFα protein molecule (sTNFα). TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine, which acts mainly through two transmembrane receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). The former is expressed in most mammalian tissues, while the latter is usually expressed in cells of the immune system. TNFα and TNFR2 can bind and dissociate quickly. In some cells, this rapid binding and dissociation can increase the concentration of TNFα on the cell surface. The combination of TNFα and TNFR1 is an irreversible physiological process. The TNFα trimer binds to the extracellular domain of TNFR1 with high affinity, causing the intracellular domain of TNFR1 to release the silencer of death domains (SODD), then binds to the TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD). TRADD can recruit additional adaptor proteins, such as receptor interacting protein-1 (RIP-1) and TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), to form complexes. Subsequently, TRADD-RIP-1-TRAF2 complex is released from TNFR1 and participates in the activation of key signaling pathways.
Figure 1. Cytokine cascade (Feldmann, et al. 2006)
Application of TNFα Detection
TNFα levels can be used as biomarkers in researches related to atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, tumor immunity, etc.
Our Advantages
- Guarantee high accuracy and sensitivity for TNFα detection
- Ensure high repeatability of TNFα detection
- Experienced biomarker detection technical team
- Strictly control each specific experimental step to ensure accurate and reliable test results in each sample
- Short turnaround time to accelerate your research
- More favorable prices in the biomarker testing service market can help reduce research costs
Detection Technologies
Samples
- Sample types: serum, plasma, cell culture supernatants, etc.
- Target species: human, mouse, rabbit, rat, bovine, etc.
Workflow of Biomarker Detection at Creative BioMart Biomarker
At Creative BioMart Biomarker, we offer high-quality TNFα detection service that ensuring the sensitivity and specificity of test results. You can also talk to our experts according to your certain requirement, and we will determine the final detection scheme based on the communication results. Please feel free to contact us, Creative BioMart Biomarker is here to offer you professional and thoughtful service.
References:
- Parameswaran, N.; Patial, S. Tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in macrophages. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2010, 20(2): 87–103.
- Feldmann, M.; Pusey, C.D. Is there a role for TNF-α in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis? lessons from other chronic inflammatory diseases. Frontiers in Nephrology. 2006, 17(5): 1243-1252.
